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Bhairav
Malahari, Saveri, Bowli, Lalita
Each melakarta uses all seven swaras once, in order, going up and coming down. Every other raga is derived from one of them.
Sa and Pa never change. Ma is either Suddha (M1) or Prati (M2), which splits the system into two halves of 36. Ri and Ga can combine in six ways, and so can Dha and Ni. Six times six times two gives 72.
Each chakra holds six melas that share the same Ri, Ga and Ma. The names count: Indu (one moon), Netra (two eyes), Agni (three fires), Veda (four Vedas), Bana (five arrows), Rutu (six seasons), Rishi (seven sages), Vasu (eight Vasus), Brahma (nine), Disi (ten directions), Rudra (eleven), Aditya (twelve suns).
Four swaras borrow the position of the next swara: Suddha Ga (G1), Shatsruti Ri (R3), Suddha Ni (N1) and Shatsruti Dha (D3). A mela that uses any of them is vivadi, so 40 of the 72 are. More about the 72